sTImULUs GEnERALIzATIOn Of pAREnTInG skILLs DURInG pAREnT-chILD InTERAcTIOn ThERApy
نویسندگان
چکیده
Behavioral parent training is a common approach to addressing externalizing behavior, which is among the most frequent and costly reasons for children’s referral to mental health settings (Kazdin, 1997). Parent training focuses on promoting positive interactions and reducing misbehavior by teaching parents to rearrange the social contingencies for their children’s behavior. Systematic research beginning several decades ago showed the promise of this approach (e.g., Budd, Green, & Baer, 1976; Eyberg & Johnson, 1974; Forehand & King, 1977; O’Dell, 1974; Patterson & Reid, 1973; Wahler, Winkle, Peterson, & Morrison, 1965). Reviews (Eyberg, Nelson, & Boggs, 2008) and meta-analyses (Maughan, Christiansen, Jenson, Olympia, & Clark, 2005; Serketich & Dumas, 1996) of several contemporary behavioral parent training models indicate that using parents as therapists is efficacious in treatment of disruptive child behavior. Although 95% of parents report beneficial changes following parent training (Atkeson & Forehand, 1978), the strongest evidence of treatment effects comes from independent observations of parent-child interactions. The meta-analysis by Maughan and colleagues (2005) found that parent-report data indicate more positive outcomes than data collected through independent observers. Maughan et al. speculated this discrepancy may be due to an expectation bias on the part of parents. Patterson and Forgatch (1995) found that changes in parents’ interactions with their children, as independently observed after parent training, were better predictors of children’s future adjustment than parent or teacher reports. These findings suggest that behavioral parent training is an effective intervention; however, its effects may not be as robust as parent reports would lead us to believe. The current research focuses on one model, Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), with strong empirical support in the treatment of 2to 7-year-old children (Gallagher, 2003; Thomas & Zimmer-Gembeck, 2007). PCIT is sTImULUs GEnERALIzATIOn Of pAREnTInG skILLs DURInG pAREnT-chILD InTERAcTIOn ThERApy
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